US Air National Guardsman Jack Teixeira, 22, pleaded guilty to all six counts involving wilful retention and transmission of national defense information under the Espionage Act and faces up to 16 years in prison. The case has led to questions about the clearance system to protect US secrets.
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Massachusetts Air National Guardsman Jack Teixeira pleaded guilty to an extraordinary leak of US defense secrets on a Discord platform used by gamers, accepting a prison sentence of between 11 and 16 years for willful retention and transmission of national defense information.

Teixeira accessed and printed hundreds of classified documents before his arrest, a prosecutor said during a hearing in Boston on on March 4, 2024. He was charged with six counts of retaining and transmitting classified information that was reposted in an online chat group popular with Minecraft video game players. Teixeira initially pleaded not guilty when arrested by armed FBI agents in 2023.

The case has led to concerns about the large number of US government staff with access to classified intelligence. More than 4m employees and federal contractors hold confidential, secret, and top-secret security clearance. President Joe Biden has ordered an inquiry into Teixeira's access to sensitive information.

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How the intelligence was leaked

The intelligence was shared through a Discord server, a messaging platform popular with gamers, and it then spread to 4Chan, Telegram, Twitter, and media outlets including The New York Times. The intelligence reportedly included a US assessment of military forces and Ukraine air defenses. The leak also raised the possibility of the US spying on Ukrainian leadership.

The case has put the US security clearance process in the spotlight.

"Incoming employees are screened - normally for a polygraph if you are obtaining a secret clearance - and anyone with a secret government clearance has sworn an oath to defend the Constitution, keep the classified information secret, and really there are three lifelong obligations for your security clearance,” former CIA officer and SPYEX consultant Ryan Hillsberg told the BBC.

“You need to safeguard and protect information, you need to report unauthorized disclosures of protected information, and then if you publish anything there needs to be a pre-publication review," Hillsberg said. "So because of the trust that is given and the background screening that is done, oftentimes people - even young officers in the military or in the intelligence community - they are going to be given access to information because of that background screening that’s been done and because we need them to be able to use their experience and expertise to fulfill different operational goals.”
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Who is Jack Teixeira?‍

Teixeira’s working title was Cyber Transport Systems Journeyman - essentially a junior IT specialist - and he held the rank of Airman 1st Class. He was listed as a member of the intelligence wing of the Massachusetts Air National Guard, based at Otis Air National Guard Base in western Cape Cod responsible for military communications networks and ensuring their protection.

“We're also told he had an information technology role - troubleshooting - which means it's possible he might have had administrative access that would have allowed him to get to servers or even accounts which contains intelligence that has nothing to do with his job," Douglas London, SPYEX consultant and author of The Recruiter, told CNN.

Teixeira was arrested at his home in the town of Dighton - population 8,000 - which is about 50 miles south of Boston. Teixeira reportedly went by the handles ‘OG’ - Original Gangster - and ''Jack the dripper' in an online gaming chat group, ‘Thug Shaker Central’, an invitation-only chatroom on Discord.

In December 2023, the Air Force said 15 airmen had been disciplined for failing to properly report documented concerns about Teixeira, indirectly contributing to his alleged ability to gather and leak classified documents. The 15 people ranged from staff sergeant to colonel.

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1.3 million Americans have Top Secret access

The most recent figures published by the US Office of the Director of National Intelligence show about 4.3m Americans held security clearance with access to confidential, secret, and top secret clearance, with 1.3m of those Americans cleared to have top secret access. The Pentagon has reviewed its policies on safeguarding classified material, including how and where intelligence is shared.

“It’s important to understand that this is not just about DoD [the Department of Defence]. This is about the US government,” Pentagon spokesperson Patrick Ryder said. “This is about how we protect and safeguard classified information. We do have strict protocols in place, so any time there is an incident there’s an opportunity to review that and refine it.”

Hillsberg said that just because an American has top secret clearance doesn't mean they have access to all of the intelligence classified as top secret or sensitive compartmented information (SCI).

“Even though you might have access to top secret, SCI security clearance, it is only going to be in the area - or it should only be in the area - that you are working on. Everything is compartmentalized," Hillsberg said.

Are polygraphs enough?

Hillsberg has previously said that he believes there is room for improvement.

"I do think the US government could do a better job of restricting classified information in more ways than one," Hillsberg said. "In my personal and professional opinion, it really begs the question: how will the US react and adapt to continued leaks? We need to be able to trust our employees. Unfortunately, however, for example the polygraph. It is still the primary means of screening incoming government employees for the top secret security [clearance].”

“It has been around for 75 years plus," Hilsberg added. "And the only change is the computerization of it in the ‘90s. At best, it is an interrogation tool. And it is only as good as the polygrapher that is giving the polygraph. And so, we need to look for new deception detection technologies.”